ABSTRACT
Pregnancy at advanced maternal age (≥35 years) has become very common worldwide. Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of hypertensive pregnancy that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality to both the mother and foetus/newborn. This research aimed to inspect the prevalence of PE in a single hospital located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and examine the influence of advanced maternal age (≥35 years) on the occurrence of PE in singleton deliveries. MethodsA retrospective study (January 2011 to December 2018) was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Categorical variables were evaluated with χ² test. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used to estimate the comparative risk of developing PE (the outcome variable) according to the maternal age (the exposure variable) at the time of pregnancy. ResultsDuring the study period, 3942 singleton deliveries occurred at KAUH. The demographic characteristics (age and PE) of the study population are summarized in Table 1. Overall, there were 2426 deliveries with a maternal age <34 years (61.5%), whereas there were 1516 deliveries with a maternal age ≥35 years (38.5%). Only 167 deliveries had a diagnosis of PE, thus yielding an overall prevalence of 4.2% in this retrospective study. The percentages of PE cases in patients with maternal age <34 years and ≥35 years were 3.7% and 5.1%, respectively. Two-tailed Chi-square test of independence showed that there was a statistical significance between advanced maternal age and occurrence of PE (p=0.02). To examine the comparative risk of developing PE with relation to the maternal age, an OR analysis showed that patients with advanced maternal age (≥35 years) were 1.4 times more likely to develop PE during gestation when compared to patients with <34 years, and this comparative risk was substantial (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9, p=0.03). ConclusionsThe low prevalence of PE (3.9%) in our study was largely in agreement with the published regional and international figures. Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is a statistically significant factor for developing PE during pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
A lot of experiments have been carried out in Saudi Arabia concerning the misuse of antibiotics and buying themwithout being prescribed by a doctor. However, despite all these studies, a few or none of them have appraisedthe parental awareness, practices and attitude toward the use of antibiotics in the treatment of URTIs in theirchildren. As such, the objective of this experiment was to document and analyze the parental levels of knowledge,attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the use for upper respiratory tract infections in children. This is a crosssectional study that was conducted across 8 cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Taif, Makkah, Dammam, Al Ahsa, Albahaand Asir Saudi Arabia from 01/09/2019 to 26/09/2019, according to which a total of 714 parents took part in thestudy. Convenience sampling was the method that was used to select the participants of the experiment. Thefindings of the current research were found to be the same as those of the studies that were conducted before inPalestine. The researcher found out that the parents in Saudi Arabia lack adequate knowledge regarding the useof antibiotics in the treatment of URTIs and this led to their wrong practices and attitudes toward the same.Despite all these, the study established a relationship of trust between the subjects and the doctors, meaning thatthere is a trust in the information and recommendations that the doctors give them concerning the medications.